Since mid-July, Fisheries and Oceans Canada have reported that approximately one million chum salmon have migrated into the Yukon River from the Bering Sea. Despite this influx, experts caution that this rise does not necessarily indicate an overall upward trend in the species’ population.
In 2020, there was a significant decline in chum salmon numbers, raising concerns among researchers. Sebastian Jones, a wildlife analyst at the Yukon Conservation Society, expressed worry over the lack of understanding regarding these fluctuations in salmon numbers.
The proportion of Canadian-origin salmon among the returning fish is currently at around 12%, below the typical range of 20-30%. While this figure is an improvement compared to recent years, it is still considered low by experts.
Jones highlighted that last year, only 25,000 chum salmon crossed into Canada, whereas this year, the target is set at 100,000. However, he emphasized that the ideal numbers would be between 150,000 and 250,000 chum salmon entering the Yukon.
Stephanie Peacock, a scientist with the Pacific Salmon Foundation, noted that chum salmon and chinook salmon are the two salmon species returning to the Canadian side of the Yukon River. Chum salmon, migrating later than chinook, play a crucial role in providing essential nutrients during the fall season.
Both species have experienced declines over time, with chinook salmon showing a gradual decrease since the 1990s. The more rapid decline in chum salmon numbers is particularly concerning to experts.
Researchers are investigating the Bering Sea, the starting point of the salmon’s upstream journey, where changes such as rising water temperatures and increased industrial fishing activity have been observed. These environmental shifts pose challenges that are not yet fully understood.
While Peacock remains cautiously optimistic about the current situation, she stresses the need to address the long-term decline in Yukon chum salmon populations. Vigilance and further research are essential to ensure the sustainability of these vital fish stocks.